Economic Concepts Used in Modern Economists’ Models of the Economy

An economy is a field of interaction, production, distribution, and exchange, of goods and services performed by various agents. In simple terms, it is defined as a social network that focuses on the practices, discourses, and productive material manifestations associated with the production, utilization, and control of available resources. Economists have attempted to describe the process of economic activity in the broad terms of equilibrium, income, and debt. These three concepts, according to economists, are important elements to any model of the market economy.

The scope of economics covers the entire course of human action and human interactions, from the interpersonal to the economic structure of a society. Economists try to determine how markets can be self-sufficient, how markets can be affected by external factors, and how changes in the market affect the allocation of scarce resources. They also attempt to study how the different economic policies lead to economic growth or shrink the economy if it is caught in a recession. All the different aspects of economies, such as technology, productivity, education, money, politics, and markets, are also included in the curriculum of modern economics. The main aim of modern economics is the creation of a market economy that is based on efficient production, high rates of productivity, and minimal cost of living.

Households play a major role in the economy, because the allocation of scarce household resources is largely affected by the incomes of other households. The consumption of durable goods such as food, water, fuel, forests, capital equipment, and clothing is made possible by households; households also make use of non-perishable goods and raw materials. The distribution of household resources, on the other hand, is effected by the activities of producers, including employment, investment, and circulation of income. Economic activity, then, occurs through the following complex network of influences: the market, politics, family structure, economy, and the informal sector.